What is XML ?
- XML ek markup language hai jiska full form hai Extensible Markup Language.
- Isse 1990 ke dauraan W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) ne develop kiya tha.
- HTML ki kuch limitations ko door karne ke liye XML banayi gayi thi.
- Iska use data ko store aur organize karne ke liye hota hai.
- XML ek case-sensitive language
- XML ke through kisi bhi tarah ka data store aur transfer kiya ja sakta hai.
- XML ko database ke roop me bhi use kar sakte hain.
- Iske tags predefined nahi hote, user ko khud create karne hote hain.
- XML, HTML ka replacement nahi hai, dono ko milakar bhi use kiya ja sakta hai, jise hum XHTML kehte hain.
- XML platform aur language independent hoti hai, yani kisi bhi system ya programming language ke sath kaam karti hai.
Why Was XML Developed?
HTML me:
- Bahut saare predefined tags hote hain jinko yaad rakhna mushkil hota hai.
- Browser ke hisaab se presentation badal jata hai.
- Document me kabhi-kabhi content se zyada tags ho jaate hain.
Advantages of XML – Benefits of XML
- Complex data ko aasani se handle karta hai.
- Data sharing easy ho jata hai.
- Data ka description text format me hota hai.
- Human aur computer, dono read kar sakte hain.
- Tree structure me data handle hota hai, speed fast hoti hai.
- Long-term data storage ke liye best hai.
- Markup language ke through data ko describe karta hai.
- New languages create karne ke liye use hota hai, jaise: XHTML, WSDL, RDF, WAP, SMIL.
Disadvantage of XML – Benefits of XML
- Binary data jaise images ko store nahi kar sakta.
- Syntax bohot verbose aur redundant hota hai.
- Data types ko support nahi karta (like integer, strings).
- Arrays ka support nahi hai.
- Hierarchical representation limited hai.
- Namespaces ka use complicated hai.
- XML ko process karne ke liye HTML pe depend rehna padta hai.
- Document banana complex ho sakta hai.
Applications of XML – XML Ke Use Cases
- Badi websites manage karne ke liye.
- Companies ke beech information sharing ke liye.
- Databases ko load/unload karne ke liye.
- Stylesheets ke sath merge karne ke liye.
- Kisi bhi data ko XML document me convert karne ke liye.
A Simple XML Program:
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”ISO-8859-1″?>
<note>
<to>Yugal</to>
<from>Pankaj</from>
<heading>Hello</heading>
<body>How are You?</body>
</note>
Difference Between HTML and XML in Hindi
| HTML | XML |
| Ye ek markup language hai | Ye ek standard markup language hai |
| Case-sensitive nahi hai | Case-sensitive hai |
| Static hai | Dynamic hai |
| Errors ignore kar sakta hai | Errors ignore nahi karta |
| Tags predefined hote hain | Tags user define karta hai |
| White space preserve nahi hota | White space preserve hota hai |
| Display purpose ke liye use hota hai | Data ko store/transport karne ke liye |
| Closing tags zaroori nahi | Closing tags zaroori hote hain |
| Presentation language hai | Na presentation na programming language hai |
