What is XML ? Features, Uses & Disadvantages Explained

  • Himanshu Nigam
  • April 4, 2025

What is XML ?

  • XML ek markup language hai jiska full form hai Extensible Markup Language.
  • Isse 1990 ke dauraan W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) ne develop kiya tha.
  • HTML ki kuch limitations ko door karne ke liye XML banayi gayi thi.
  • Iska use data ko store aur organize karne ke liye hota hai.
  • XML ek case-sensitive language
  • XML ke through kisi bhi tarah ka data store aur transfer kiya ja sakta hai.
  • XML ko database ke roop me bhi use kar sakte hain.
  • Iske tags predefined nahi hote, user ko khud create karne hote hain.
  • XML, HTML ka replacement nahi hai, dono ko milakar bhi use kiya ja sakta hai, jise hum XHTML kehte hain.
  • XML platform aur language independent hoti hai, yani kisi bhi system ya programming language ke sath kaam karti hai.

Why Was XML Developed?

HTML me:

  • Bahut saare predefined tags hote hain jinko yaad rakhna mushkil hota hai.
  • Browser ke hisaab se presentation badal jata hai.
  • Document me kabhi-kabhi content se zyada tags ho jaate hain.

Advantages of XML – Benefits of XML

  • Complex data ko aasani se handle karta hai.
  • Data sharing easy ho jata hai.
  • Data ka description text format me hota hai.
  • Human aur computer, dono read kar sakte hain.
  • Tree structure me data handle hota hai, speed fast hoti hai.
  • Long-term data storage ke liye best hai.
  • Markup language ke through data ko describe karta hai.
  • New languages create karne ke liye use hota hai, jaise: XHTML, WSDL, RDF, WAP, SMIL.

Disadvantage of XML – Benefits of XML

  • Binary data jaise images ko store nahi kar sakta.
  • Syntax bohot verbose aur redundant hota hai.
  • Data types ko support nahi karta (like integer, strings).
  • Arrays ka support nahi hai.
  • Hierarchical representation limited hai.
  • Namespaces ka use complicated hai.
  • XML ko process karne ke liye HTML pe depend rehna padta hai.
  • Document banana complex ho sakta hai.

Applications of XML – XML Ke Use Cases

  • Badi websites manage karne ke liye.
  • Companies ke beech information sharing ke liye.
  • Databases ko load/unload karne ke liye.
  • Stylesheets ke sath merge karne ke liye.
  • Kisi bhi data ko XML document me convert karne ke liye.

A Simple XML Program:

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”ISO-8859-1″?>
<note>

<to>Yugal</to>
    <from>Pankaj</from>
    <heading>Hello</heading>
    <body>How are You?</body>

</note>

Difference Between HTML and XML in Hindi

HTML

XML

Ye ek markup language hai

Ye ek standard markup language hai

Case-sensitive nahi hai

Case-sensitive hai

Static hai

Dynamic hai

Errors ignore kar sakta hai

Errors ignore nahi karta

Tags predefined hote hain

Tags user define karta hai

White space preserve nahi hota

White space preserve hota hai

Display purpose ke liye use hota hai

Data ko store/transport karne ke liye

Closing tags zaroori nahi

Closing tags zaroori hote hain

Presentation language hai

Na presentation na programming language hai